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1.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 972023 Aug 10.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37970927

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) through the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) has achieved high implementation in Spain, although participation rates are still not optimal. At the same time, available data show significant differences in participation both among autonomous communities and among different sociodemographic groups, which raises various equity issues. This study aimed to conduct an exploratory analysis from a qualitative perspective on the attitudes, perceptions, and social images that the target population for colorectal cancer screenings holded regarding them, as well as the barriers and areas for improvement identified through these. METHODS: This study was designed using a qualitative research approach, through the conduct of four focus groups in May 2022, with a total of twenty-six participants (equal number of men and women) aged fifty to sixty-nine years. The participants were residents of the Community of Madrid, Catalonia, Andalusia, and the Basque Country (in both large and small cities), with varying educational levels and different previous experiences of participation in the CRC screening program. RESULTS: Different conceptualizations of prevention were identified, but none that encompassed cancer (especially colorectal cancer) as an element to be incorporated into daily practices since its occurrence is primarily associated with chance. In addition to the lack of knowledge about CRC compared to other types of cancer (such as breast or prostate cancer), various attitudinal barriers to participation in the CRC screening program were perceived. These included the rejection of being part of the older age group (targeted by the test), fear of waiting for the results, lack of reliability, or the sense of being able to postpone the moment. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the need for interventions aimed at promoting the attitude with which the invitation to participate is received and interpreted. It also emphasizes the importance of incorporating colon cancer into the dominant framework of concerns, raising awareness about the significance of early detection, and addressing potential sources of inequity. These interventions should address the broader conceptualization of the role of prevention observed among individuals with higher cultural capital and the greater normalization of screening programs found among women due to their previous experience with breast cancer screening.


OBJETIVO: El programa de cribado de cáncer colorrectal (CCR) mediante el test de sangre oculta en heces (SOH) ha alcanzado una implementación elevada en España, aunque la participación sigue sin encontrarse en cifras óptimas. A su vez, los datos disponibles ofrecen diferencias de participación significativas, tanto entre CC. AA. como entre distintos grupos sociodemográficos, lo que plantea diferentes problemas de equidad. Este estudio buscó realizar un análisis exploratorio, desde una perspectiva cualitativa, sobre las actitudes, percepciones e imágenes sociales que la población objeto del cribado de cáncer colorrectal tenía sobre el mismo, así como las barreras y elementos de mejora a partir de estas. METODOS: Este estudio se diseñó mediante un enfoque de investigación cualitativa a partir de la realización de cuatro grupos de discusión, durante el mes de mayo de 2022, a un total de veintiséis personas (igual número de hombres y mujeres) con edades de cincuenta a sesenta y nueve años, residentes en la Comunidad de Madrid, Cataluña, Andalucía y País Vasco (en grandes y pequeñas ciudades), con diferentes niveles formativos y distintas experiencias previas de participación en el programa de cribado de CCR. RESULTADOS: Se detectaron distintas conceptualizaciones de la prevención, pero ninguna que englobe el cáncer (y especialmente el colorrectal) como elemento a incorporar en las prácticas cotidianas, ya que su aparición se asocia fundamentalmente al azar. Sumado al desconocimiento del CCR frente a otros tipos (mama o próstata), se percibieron diferentes barreras de carácter actitudinal a la participación en un programa de cribado de CCR, como fueron el rechazo a formar parte del colectivo de más edad (diana de la prueba), el miedo a la espera por los resultados, la falta de fiabilidad o la sensación de poder postergar el momento. CONCLUSIONES: De este estudio se deriva la necesidad de realizar intervenciones destinadas a: favorecer la actitud con la que se recibe e interpreta la invitación a participar; a incorporar el cáncer de colon al marco dominante de preocupaciones; a concienciar con respecto de la importancia de la detección precoz; y a actuar frente a potenciales fuentes de inequidad, como la conceptualización más extensa del papel de la prevención detectada en las personas de mayor capital cultural, o la mayor normalización de los programas de cribado encontrada en las mujeres, por la experiencia previa del de mama.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Espanha , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Sangue Oculto
2.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 11(18)2023 Sep 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37761672

RESUMO

In Spain, inequities exist in implementing colorectal cancer (CRC) tests with the target population-adults aged 50 to 69-as part of population-based CRC screening programs. This research aims to further our understanding of the target population's awareness, attitudes, and perceptions of these test-based screening programs. A survey was carried out using an online panel representative of the target population, with a sample collected from 5313 individuals. Data collection took place in June 2022. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were carried out using contingency tables, the Chi-square test, and Cramer's V statistics. The sample was also segmented based on key variables. Finally, the results were analyzed using logistic regression. In the sample population, 62.5% had taken the fecal occult blood test (FOBT), 72.5% reported receiving the invitation letter to participate in the screening program, and 86.8% had prior knowledge of the FOBT. Noncompliance was mainly due to lack of symptoms (40%), non-receipt of invitation letters (39.7%), and forgetfulness or neglect (28.5%). On the contrary, receipt of the letter of invitation (OR 7.35, p < 0.01) and prior knowledge of FOBT (OR 6.32, p < 0.01) were the main variables that increased the probability of test uptake. Other significant variables included frequency of primary care visits (OR 1.71, p < 0.01) and being older (65-69 years old) (OR 1.52, p < 0.01) There is still a pressing need for greater awareness of both CRC risk factors and the benefits of early detection, as well as for overcoming the common misconception that detection should only be sought when symptoms are present.

3.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 97: e202308063, Agos. 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-224696

RESUMO

Fundamentos: El programa de cribado de cáncer colorrectal (CCR) mediante el test de sangre oculta en heces (SOH) ha alcanzado una implementación elevada en España, aunque la participación sigue sin encontrarse en cifras óptimas. A su vez, los datosdisponibles ofrecen diferencias de participación significativas, tanto entre CC. AA. como entre distintos grupos sociodemográficos, loque plantea diferentes problemas de equidad. Este estudio buscó realizar un análisis exploratorio, desde una perspectiva cualitativa,sobre las actitudes, percepciones e imágenes sociales que la población objeto del cribado de cáncer colorrectal tenía sobre el mismo,así como las barreras y elementos de mejora a partir de estas. Métodos: Este estudio se diseñó mediante un enfoque de investigación cualitativa a partir de la realización de cuatro grupos dediscusión, durante el mes de mayo de 2022, a un total de veintiséis personas (igual número de hombres y mujeres) con edades decincuenta a sesenta y nueve años, residentes en la Comunidad de Madrid, Cataluña, Andalucía y País Vasco (en grandes y pequeñasciudades), con diferentes niveles formativos y distintas experiencias previas de participación en el programa de cribado de CCR. Resultados: Se detectaron distintas conceptualizaciones de la prevención, pero ninguna que englobe el cáncer (y especialmente el colorrectal) como elemento a incorporar en las prácticas cotidianas, ya que su aparición se asocia fundamentalmente al azar.Sumado al desconocimiento del CCR frente a otros tipos (mama o próstata), se percibieron diferentes barreras de carácter actitudinala la participación en un programa de cribado de CCR, como fueron el rechazo a formar parte del colectivo de más edad (diana de laprueba), el miedo a la espera por los resultados, la falta de fiabilidad o la sensación de poder postergar el momento...(AU)


Backgorund: The screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) through the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) has achieved high implementation in Spain, although participation rates are still not optimal. At the same time, available data show significant differencesin participation both among autonomous communities and among different sociodemographic groups, which raises various equityissues. This study aimed to conduct an exploratory analysis from a qualitative perspective on the attitudes, perceptions, and socialimages that the target population for colorectal cancer screenings holded regarding them, as well as the barriers and areas forimprovement identified through these. Methods: This study was designed using a qualitative research approach, through the conduct of four focus groups in May 2022, witha total of twenty-six participants (equal number of men and women) aged fifty to sixty-nine years. The participants were residents of theCommunity of Madrid, Catalonia, Andalusia, and the Basque Country (in both large and small cities), with varying educational levels anddifferent previous experiences of participation in the CRC screening program. Results: Different conceptualizations of prevention were identified, but none that encompassed cancer (especially colorectalcancer) as an element to be incorporated into daily practices since its occurrence is primarily associated with chance. In addition tothe lack of knowledge about CRC compared to other types of cancer (such as breast or prostate cancer), various attitudinal barriersto participation in the CRC screening program were perceived. These included the rejection of being part of the older age group(targeted by the test), fear of waiting for the results, lack of reliability, or the sense of being able to postpone the moment...(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias Colorretais/sangue , Neoplasias Colorretais/microbiologia , Programas de Triagem Diagnóstica , Prevenção de Doenças , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Sangue Oculto , Saúde Pública , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Espanha , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde
4.
Psicooncología (Pozuelo de Alarcón) ; 20(1): 11-26, 11 abr. 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-219016

RESUMO

Objetivo: Describir el malestar psicológico y las preocupaciones psicosociales durante la tercera ola de la pandemia de los pacientes oncológicos y sus familiares y analizar la evolución de estas variables teniendo como referencia los meses de abril y diciembre de 2020. Método. Se utilizó un cuestionario autoadministrado que estaba compuesto por ítems elaborados ad hoc para evaluar las características sociodemográficas y las preocupaciones psicosociales y la escala Kessler K-6 para evaluar el malestar psicológico. Resultados. La proporción de pacientes y familiares que presentaban niveles clínicos de malestar era mayor que la de la población general. El porcentaje de personas con cáncer que mostraba malestar psicológico en niveles clínicos se incrementó significativamente durante el mes de diciembre de 2020, en comparación con el mes de abril. Este aumento fue especialmente significativo entre las mujeres y los pacientes más jóvenes, siendo también estas poblaciones las más afectadas en el primer momento de medida. Las preocupaciones más frecuentes en la población oncológica (pacientes y familiares) durante el mes de diciembre de 2020 fueron: el miedo a contraer la COVID-19, la inquietud y el miedo al futuro, la suspensión de los contactos y la ausencia del contacto cara a cara y la inactividad en las calles y comercios. Conclusiones. Los resultados de este estudio destacan la necesidad de desarrollar intervenciones específicas que permitan cubrir las secuelas psicológicas y las preocupaciones psicosociales derivadas de la COVID-19 en los pacientes oncológicos y sus familiares (AU)


Aim: Describe the psychological distress and the psychosocial concerns during the third wave of the pandemic in oncological patients and family caregivers and analyze the evolution of these variables in cancer patients taking as references April and December of 2020. Method. The researchers developed a self-administered questionnaire. It was composed by items developed ad hoc to assess sociodemographic characteristics and social concerns and the Kessler K-6 scale to measure psychological distress. Results.The proportion of oncological patients and family caregivers who showed clinical levels of distress was higher than that the ones of non-oncological population during December 2020. Clinical distress was higher in oncological patients during the December 2020, compared to April levels. This increase was especially significant among women and younger patients in both assessment moments. The main social concerns at the third wave for oncological patients and family caregivers were: the fear of contracting COVID-19, restlessness and fear of the future, suspension of the social contacts, the absence of face-to-face contact and inactivity in the streets and shops. Conclusions.The results of this study highlight the need to provide the proper care to oncological patients and family caregivers due to the presence of socio-emotional needs, and to develop strategies that allow them to be covered from psychological impact of COVID-19 (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Infecções por Coronavirus/psicologia , Pandemias , Neoplasias/psicologia , Impacto Psicossocial , Psico-Oncologia , Família/psicologia
5.
J Psychosoc Oncol ; 39(3): 385-398, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33570014

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: This study analyses the levels of distress and related psychosocial factors among cancer patients during the Spanish lockdown due to COVID-19. METHODS: A total of 2,779 cancer patients took part in an observational and lateral study carried out between April 16, 2020 and April 25, 2020. An online questionnaire was distributed including distress-related variables, demographic variables, clinical variables about their oncological condition, socioeconomic variables and variables related to information management and social communication. Distress was measured according to the Kessler (K-6) scale, and its relationship with the remaining variables was analyzed by logistic regression. RESULTS: 33.5% of the patients yielded levels of clinical distress during lockdown. Younger patients and women yielded significantly higher levels of distress. High distress levels were generally associated with the following factors: trust in medical institutions; deterioration of the household's financial conditions; and media management of the information about the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: The lockdown triggered by COVID-19 increased distress among cancer patients, and this can be significantly related to a number of variables. Identifying distress, and said factors, at an early stage can help to develop mitigation strategies. Similarly, early detection can help to improve the way information is shared with patients, offer them support and resources and direct them to psychosocial services, increasing the patient's ability to return to normal after COVID-19.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Neoplasias/psicologia , Relações Médico-Paciente , Angústia Psicológica , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Adulto , Idoso , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Comunicação em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/terapia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Espanha , Confiança
6.
Psicooncología (Pozuelo de Alarcón) ; 13(2/3): 191-204, jul.-dic. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-159254

RESUMO

Enfrentarse a un diagnóstico de cáncer supone un fuerte impacto emocional tanto en el paciente como en los familiares ya que, además de la clara amenaza para la salud que supone se ven afectadas todas las áreas de la vida, lo cual les puede llevar a demandar atención psicológica. Por este motivo, el objetivo de este estudio consiste en determinar el contexto clínico habitual en oncología, analizando para ello, una muestra de pacientes y familiares (n = 4.924) del servicio de atención psicológica de la AECC. Los instrumentos utilizados en la metodología son un autoinforme, en concreto el Termómetro de distrés (DT), y una entrevista. Los resultados obtenidos nos muestran que el perfil del beneficiario demandante de atención psicológica en la AECC es mujer (72%), de 55 años, casada o con pareja estable (64%), que además es una paciente en tratamiento activo (37%) o en fase avanzada de la enfermedad (26%) y con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama (28%). Un 85% de los usuarios presenta niveles de distrés altos o severos, manifestando como principal motivo de consulta el malestar emocional derivado de la enfermedad (42%). El número de sesiones de intervención realizadas varía significativamente en función del motivo de consulta. A modo de conclusión indicar que la intervención psicológica es más solicitada en aquellas fases de la enfermedad donde los niveles de distrés son claramente superiores y el deterioro de calidad de vida es significativo. Por tanto, resulta fundamental destacar la importancia de la atención psicológica en el paciente oncológico


Facing a cancer diagnosis has a strong emotional impact on both patient and family because, in addition to the clear threat to health posed affecting all areas of life, which can lead them to demand psychological attention. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the usual clinical setting in oncology, analyzing for this, a sample of patients and relatives (n = 4,924) of the counseling service of AECC. The instruments used in the methodology are a self-report, specifically the distress thermometer (DT), and an interview. The results show that the profile of the primary beneficiary of psychological care in the AECC is female (72%), 55 ages, married or in a stable relationship (64%), which is also a patient in active treatment (37%) or at advanced disease (26%) and breast cancer diagnosis (28%). 85% of users presents high or severe levels of distress, manifesting as the main reason for consultation regarding emotional distress arising from the disease (42%). The number of intervention sessions conducted varies significantly according to the complaint. To conclude, indication that psychological intervention is requested on those stages of the disease where the levels of distress are clearly superior and deterioration of quality of life is significant. Therefore, it is essential to stress the importance of psychological care in cancer patients


Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/terapia , Adaptação Psicológica , Família/psicologia , Cuidadores/psicologia , Perfil de Impacto da Doença , Ansiedade/terapia , Depressão/terapia
7.
Psicooncología (Pozuelo de Alarcón) ; 13(2/3): 285-296, jul.-dic. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-159259

RESUMO

Objetivo y método: evaluar el impacto del programa de voluntariado hospitalario a través de la importancia atribuida, el grado de satisfacción manifestado por los usuarios y la disposición a recomendar el servicio. Para ello se realizó un estudio de satisfacción realizado en dos fases. Estudio cuantitativo a través de entrevista personal con cuestionario semi-estructurado y estudio cualitativo a través de entrevista personal abierta. Resultados: Participaron 654 pacientes y familiares. En la valoración de la actividad voluntaria se obtiene una puntuación de (9,3) en pacientes (9,2) en familiares en una escala de 0 a 10. El 77% de los usuarios se muestra dispuesto a recomendar a otras personas el servicio de voluntariado obteniéndose un Índice NPS netamente positivo (+80). Los usuarios destacan de los voluntarios especialmente la amabilidad y el respeto por la intimidad (89% y el 82% respectivamente) y ofrecen una puntuación media de 9,2, y 9,4 en una escala de 10. Conclusiones: Se obtiene una valoración unánimemente positiva de la labor de los voluntarios y una gran disposición a recomendar el contacto con los voluntarios. La mayor utilización de los servicios de los voluntarios se vincula a una mejor valoración. Se concede mayor prioridad a la actividad de visitar a pacientes ingresados para acompañar y ofrecer apoyo emocional. La valoración de la labor desempeñada por los voluntarios es muy positiva especialmente en amabilidad y respeto por la intimidad. Los usuarios no demandan nada nuevo pero si incrementar la difusión del servicio, más voluntarios y ampliar el horario de atención


Objective and method: to evaluate the impact of the program for voluntary work at hospitals through the importance assigned, satisfaction level stated by users, and willingness to recommend the service. For this purpose, a satisfaction study was carried out in two phases: A quantitative study through personal interviews with semi-structured questionnaire and a qualitative study through open personal interviews. Results: 654 patients and family members took part. In the evaluation of volunteers, a rating of 9.3 is given by patients and 9.2 by family members, in a scale from 0 to 10. Seventy-seven percent of users is willing to recommend the volunteer service to others, achieving a clearly positive NPS index (+80). Users specially emphasize from volunteers their kindness and their respect for privacy (89% and 82% respectively) and provide an average rating of 9.2 and 9.4 in a scale of 0 to 10. Conclusions: Unanimous positive evaluation of the work by volunteers and great willingness to recommend the contact with volunteers is obtained. The increased use of the volunteer service is linked to better results achieved in the evaluation. Greater priority is given to the activity of visiting patients in hospitals to keep company and provide emotional support. The evaluation of the work performed by the volunteers is very positive, especially regarding kindness and respect for privacy. Rather than new specific requirements, users demand an increased dissemination of the service, more volunteers and extended service hours


Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Serviço Hospitalar de Oncologia/organização & administração , Instituições Filantrópicas de Saúde/organização & administração , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Satisfação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Apoio Social , Adaptação Psicológica , Criança Hospitalizada/psicologia
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